[Effect of exercises downhill and uphill running on serum adiponectin and glucose in type-2 diabetic patients]

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone. Low levels of Adiponectin may indicate the insulin resistance and development of diabetes. The regular exercise therapy induces insulin resistance to be reduced. Glucose uptake increase in muscles, increased adiponectin levels and decreased of HbA[1]c in diabetic patients. This study was designed to evaluated the effect of down-hill and up-hill running exercises on the adiponectin and serum glucose in type-2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial study was conducted on 28 patients [13 male and 15 female], age 40 to 60 years, with type-2 diabetes, in neuromuscular rehabilitation research center, Semnan, Iran during 2009. Participants were assigned randomly in one of the two experimental groups, eccentric or concentric exercise using treadmill. Before and after control and intervention period, glucose, HbA[1]c and adiponectin serum were measured in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Repeated Measures ANOVA, Tukey and independent t tests. Eccentric and concentric exercise significantly decreased glucose, HbA[1]c and also increased adiponectin levels [P<0.05] in type-2 diabetic patients. However, eccentric exercise also significantly reduced glucose and HbA[1]c and increased adiponectin levels compared to the concentric exercise [P<0.05]. This study showed that eccentric exercise are more effective than concentric exercise to reduce and control the blood glucose level and improve serum adiponectin in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

[Comparison between bobath inhibitory technique with electrical stimulation and bobath inhibitory technique alone on spastic patients]

Spasticity is one the signs of upper motor neuron injuries. Spasticity is as inter ventional factor result in gait, posture and function difficulties. There are different methods to reduce spasticity such as drug therapy, physical therapy, etc. The physical therapists use bobath inhibitory technipues for decreasing spasticity. The relatively new method in treatment of patients with spasticity is electrical stimulation. There are a controversy in results of studies that evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on spasticity. The purpose of present study is a comparison between bobath technique with electrical stimulation and bobath technique alone on spastic patients. Fourty patients with upper motor lesion who had spasticity in lower extremities participated in the study. The subjects divided into two groups. Group A was received bobath technique with electrical stimulation and group B received only bobath technique. Before and after intervension, the spasticity assessment was performed by measurement of passive dorsiflexion range of motion, Tibialis anterior strength and Gastrocneminus tone with Ashworth scale and H-reflex. The results of this study indicated that the improvement induced by both methods were statistically significant for all parameters measured [p=0.000]. In group A, increasing passive dorsi flexion range of motion and decreasing Gastrocnemius tone was greater than group B. These differentes were statiscally significant [p=0/001]. However, there was no significant difference between two groups with respect to tibialis anterior strength increase and H-reflex activity decrease. To decrease Gastrocnemius tonicity and increase passive dorsi flexion range of motion, bobath inhibitory with electrical stimulation was more effective than inhibitory technique alone

[ effect of inspiratory muscle training method on the vital capacity]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of special exercises training protocol of the inspiratory muscles on the vital capacity. 62 normal subjects' female students without any respiratory disease history participated in the study. At first, all subjects participated in a familiarization session to learn a correct pattern of ventilation and then the vital capacity was measured by spirometer. The vital capacity [VC] and%80 of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] force of inspiratory muscles were assessed and monitored by computerized spirometry machine to the subjects .The subjects were randomly assigned in two control [n=30] and experimental [n=32] groups. Subjects in the experimental group were asked to perform a daily inspiratory exercise protocol including 6 inspiration muscle contraction [using%80 of MVC]. Each contraction was separated with a rest time from the next contraction. The first rest time was 60 seconds and second rest time was 45 second and so on 30, 15, 10 seconds. The control group did not performance any other form of exercises. The VC was recorded at the end of each week in both groups and compared to the base line by paired t Test. The results revealed that there are significant increase in the VC at the end of the fifth week [P<0.001] and tenth week [P<0.001] in the experimental group while no significant change was found in the control group. These findings show that the average changes of vital capacity in end of 10 weeks increased significantly in inspiratory muscle training group rather than control group. Inspiratory muscle training is a suitable method to increase the ventilation vital capacity and further study is needed to investigate the stability of the increased VC by this method and also the effect of this inspiratory training method on the patient with respiratory disease

effective parameters on the patient satisfaction level of the referral patients to the out-patient physiotherapy clinics of the Semnan medical sciences university [second half of the year 2001]

The importance of the patient satisfaction [PS] has an effective role in the health management programing. In order to evaluate PS in the physiotherapy clinics of the Semnan Medical Sciences University, the present study has been designed. The satisfaction level of 400 referral patients [69% female and 31% male] to the physiotherapy clinics of the Rehabilitation Faculty was evaluated by the st and ard questionnaire during the year 1380 [second half]. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the PS level according to the different field of the satisfaction and patient's characteristics. Descriptive analysis was also used to express the PS level according to the patient's characteristics. The total PS was%17 for absolute satisfaction,%69.2 for relative satisfaction and%13.8 for non-satisfaction. Highest absolute satisfaction level [%51.5] was in the considering privacy aspect, while the lowest of absolute PS level [%24.1] was found in the programming and timming of treatment field [P<0.05]. The level of non-satisfaction increased significantly in lower age groups of patients [P<0.05]. The unemployed patients and the patients with the previous experience showed highest level of non-satisfaction level [P<.05]. According to our data, the PS level may change, according to the different aspects of satisfaction. By considering these results in the strategic planning may take an important step towards the optimal use of services, while the re-evaluation is necessary to find the effects of the new plans on the improving of the PS level

Incidence of hearing disorders in fifth-year primary school students of Semnan in the academic year 2002-2003

Congenital or acquired hearing disorders may cause conductive or sensory-neural low hearing. In addition, non-sufficient development of Eustachian tube and mastoid cells old may cause conductive hearing disorders in children under 12 years old. Thus, performing hearing screening studies in this range of ages may help us to identify the children with hearing disorders. By detecting the type of hearing disorders, it is possible to help these children in their learning procedure. By considering these, the present study has been designed to investigate the hearing conditions in the primary school children [fifth level] of Semnan city. In order to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in primary school children [fifth level], this study of 2081 children was performed in two stages. In the first stage, these children were screened by otoscopy, pure tone audiometry [three frequencies of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz at 20 dB]. In the next stage, the suspected students with hearing loss referred to the audiometry clinic to undergo a complete tests including; 1] speech audiometric tests, 2] audiometric tests with frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz, and 3] tympanometry tests to determine the type of hearing loss. The results indicate 6.9% of impacted cerumen, 17.9% of slight cerumen, 3.6% of tympanic disorder and 4.1% of hearing loss among the fifth-level students, with significantly higher hearing loss in the south area compared to the other area [P<0.05]. The percentage of impacted cerumen was twice in the student girls, compared to the boys [P<0.05], while the percentage of observed tympani disorder was five times in the boys compared to the girls [P<0.01]. No difference was seen between boys and girls students in term of observed hearing loss. The obtained results showed the presence of impact cerumen, tympani disorder and hearing loss in the fifth level primary school children which indicate the importance of performing such a screening studies and also planning the health training programs for preventive care of hearing loss in the school and family